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Kurdish Language
Language belonging to
the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family, closely related to
Farsi
(Persian). It is spoken by the Kurds, a geographically divided
ethnic group. Its numerous dialects fall into two
main groups northern Kurmanji (Bahdeni) and southern Kurmanji (Sorani). Around 60 of Kurds
speak one of
the northern Kurmanji dialects. Related languages include
Zaza and Gurani. Three different alphabets are used
Arabic, Latin, and
Cyrillic. Kurdish is the second official language in Iraq and the
official language of the Kurdish
autonomous region in the
north of the country. Use of Kurdish is suppressed in Syria and Turkey,
but is tolerated
in Iran.
Pît / Letter |
Nimune / Example |
a A |
Azad, Cwan, Niga |
b B |
Baran, Serban,
|
c C |
Cihan, Pencere, Bac |
ç Ç |
Çaw, Qaçaxçî, Piriç |
d D |
Dost, Dara, Dêwane,
Meydan, Kurd |
e E |
Eme, Estêre, xem, Shew,
Îêware |
ê Ê |
Êware, herêm, Bêgane,
Ladê, Dwênê |
f F |
Ferhad, Fêrge, Fishar |
g G |
Goran, Germiyan, Rêga,
Merig |
h H |
Hewlêr, Herêm,
Hewraman, Behê |
i I |
Min, Jin, Kurdistan,
Giyan, Jiyan |
î Î |
Îmrro, Îslam, Shîr,
Jîn, Kanî, Mewlewî |
j J |
Jin, Jîn, Jimare,
Rojiname, Roj, Twêj |
k K |
Kurd, Kawe, Kurr,
Bêkar, Kerkuk |
l L |
Lome, Lawan, Dîlan,
Mel, Shel |
m M |
Mam, Mirov, Asiman.
Mom |
n N |
Naz, Name, Newa,
Nishtiman |
o O |
Cor, Zor, Bor, Do, Bo,
Govar |
p P |
Peyman, Peyam, Pêshrew,
Dillop |
q Q |
Qawe, Qurbanî, Qamish |
r R |
Rastî, Rehend,
Ramiyarî, Rubar |
s S |
Suênd, Sûk, Asan,
Supas |
t T |
Twana, Tîrok, Tenya |
u U |
Ustraliya, Urdûga |
û Û |
Dû, Biçûk, Sûr |
v V |
Viyan, Van, Evîn,
|
x X |
Xêzan, Xew, Rûxan ,
Qaçax, Mox |
y Y |
Yad, Yar, Seiyran |
w W |
Welat, Wiriya, Cwan,
Rêbwar, Dwênê |
z Z |
Zana, Zoran, Zozik,
Mirza, Karêz |
sh Sh
|
Shorish, Nishtiman,
Resh, Serposh |
gh Gh * |
Ghurbet, Gurbet,
Soragh |
h' H' * |
H'urmet, Merh'eba,
Gunah' |
'e,'a 'A,'E * |
'Ereb,'Amûd, Fir'eun,
Qani'e, Qûr'an |
Kurdish Pronunciation
The vowels [i] and [i:], [e] and
[e:], and [u] and [u:] are considered to be short and long pairs, and this
is
indicated in the spelling systems: in the roman systems, the long
vowels are usually spelled with a ^ over them.
In the Arabic script, the
long vowels are represented by symbols, and the short vowels not
represented at all.
[b] as in boy |
[ch] as in choose |
[d] as in day |
[f] as in fine |
[g] as in go |
[h] as in how |
[i] close to the vowel
in bit ([i:] close to the vowel in beet) |
[e] close to the vowel
in bet, in some dialects closer to bat ([e:]
close to the vowel in bait) |
[a] close to the vowel
in box |
[u] close to the vowel
in put ([u:] close to the vowel in boot) |
[o] close to the vowel
in boat |
[j] as in juice |
[l] as in loose |
[m] as in mice |
[n] as in nice |
[p] as in put |
[t] as in toy |
[v] as in voice |
[w] as in want |
[x]: like German ach |
[gh]: like [x] only
pronounced with the vocal cords vibrating |
[r]: like the Spanish
or Italian [r] |
[q]: a k pronounced very far back in the mouth |
[y] as in yes |
[z] as in zoo |
[zh]
as in pleasure |
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